Journal Description
Women
Women
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on women's medicine and healthcare published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within ESCI (Web of Science) and other databases.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 8.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
Latest Articles
Investigating Climate-Induced Vulnerabilities: The WAVES-CC Study Protocol for Understanding the Nexus between Environmental Stressors and Violence against Women and Girls in a Rural Coastal Kenyan Community
Women 2024, 4(2), 188-200; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4020014 - 27 May 2024
Abstract
This protocol lays the groundwork for a community-centered investigation into the intersection between climate change and violence against women and girls. Providing a standardized framework, this paper will enable researchers to collect and analyze data on severe weather patterns and their potential impact
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This protocol lays the groundwork for a community-centered investigation into the intersection between climate change and violence against women and girls. Providing a standardized framework, this paper will enable researchers to collect and analyze data on severe weather patterns and their potential impact on violence within communities. The interlinkage between violence and climate is an emerging field of research. There is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the intersection of these two issues focusing on the manifestations of violence, specific vulnerabilities, and coping strategies. This protocol outlines a qualitative research approach employed in Kilifi County, Kenya. The study will include key informant interviews with community leaders and policymakers, along with focus group discussions with women, adolescent girls, and men. Community engagement is a crucial component of this work as it will ensure that the research is conducted ethically and respectfully and ensure that the findings are relevant and applicable to the community being studied. This study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics between violence against women and girls and climate change, informing policies, interventions, and advocacy efforts and elevating the voices of women and girls to promote gender equity in the face of climate change challenges.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Women 2024)
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Open AccessReview
Social Support and Mental Well-Being of Newcomer Women and Children Living in Canada: A Scoping Review
by
Saima Hirani, Zara Shah, Theresa Claire Dubicki and Nilanga Aki Bandara
Women 2024, 4(2), 172-187; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4020013 - 23 May 2024
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Newcomer women and children are less likely to access and utilize mental health support services as compared to the general Canadian population, despite reporting experiences of mental health issues. This review aimed to map out the social support interventions that are available for
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Newcomer women and children are less likely to access and utilize mental health support services as compared to the general Canadian population, despite reporting experiences of mental health issues. This review aimed to map out the social support interventions that are available for promoting the mental well-being of newcomer women and children living in Canada. A search using Medline, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane library was conducted to identify published studies. Studies were screened, extracted, and synthesized by two independent reviewers in line with the methodological approach for scoping reviews. Fourteen articles published in English between 2012–2023 were reviewed. Results identified five types of interventions: art and sand play interventions, support groups and workshops, assessment of existing support services, social media interventions, and short-term cognitive behavioral therapy. Our results suggest that culturally appropriate social support interventions increase mental well-being outcomes, such as self-esteem and social support, and reduce peri-migratory traumas for newcomer women and children in Canada. However, findings from this review underscore the need for more quantitative and participatory research approaches so that newcomer women’s and children’s needs are adequately explored and addressed.
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Open AccessReview
Factors Influencing USA Women to Receive the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A Systematic Literature Review
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Alina Cernasev, Rachel E. Barenie, Hilary Jasmin, Ashley Yatsko and Jeremy S. Stultz
Women 2024, 4(2), 157-171; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4020012 - 22 May 2024
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the United States of America (USA). Cervical cancer is the most common HPV-related cancer, which leads to approximately 4000 deaths yearly in women. Despite the nationwide availability of the HPV vaccine, the
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the United States of America (USA). Cervical cancer is the most common HPV-related cancer, which leads to approximately 4000 deaths yearly in women. Despite the nationwide availability of the HPV vaccine, the coverage and series-completion rates have been historically low due to multiple barriers. Previous systematic literature reviews emphasize global quantitative studies regarding parents of pediatric populations. This study aimed to evaluate qualitative studies conducted in the USA to characterize the facilitators and barriers to HPV uptake among eligible women. Four databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), were utilized to search the literature for comprehensive qualitative studies from 2014 to 2023 with pre-selected inclusion criteria. This review was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). After detailed full-text extraction, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, and two authors extracted the data. Three themes emerged from the data: (1) facilitators perceived by women to uptake the HPV vaccine, (2) barriers perceived by women to uptake the HPV vaccine, and (3) barriers and facilitators perceived by women to uptake the HPV vaccine. These themes highlighted different barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccines uptake, such as the lack of healthcare provider recommendation, cost, and safety concerns as barriers to receiving the vaccine. To change the norms towards HPV vaccine hesitancy, the healthcare team has a important opportunity to impart the knowledge and skills known to elicit behavior change.
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Open AccessArticle
Evaluation of Midwifery Practices among Registered Midwives in Selected Hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa
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Kgatsere Sarah Maleta, Mpho Gift Tau and Mamare Adelaide Bopape
Women 2024, 4(2), 144-156; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4020011 - 10 May 2024
Abstract
Midwifery practices are defined as the level of midwifery care in which midwives use their expertise, management, and clinical leadership to provide personalized, evidence-based care to women independently and autonomously. Midwifery care includes antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care, which are defined by the
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Midwifery practices are defined as the level of midwifery care in which midwives use their expertise, management, and clinical leadership to provide personalized, evidence-based care to women independently and autonomously. Midwifery care includes antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care, which are defined by the WHO as the care provided by skilled healthcare professionals to pregnant women and adolescent girls to ensure the best health conditions for the mother and baby during the antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period. The aim of this study was to evaluate midwifery practices among registered midwives in selected hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research design was used to assess and describe midwifery practices among registered midwives in selected hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The population size was 100 registered midwives in the selected hospitals. The sample size of 80 registered midwives was determined using the Slovin formula. Simple random sampling was used to select the sample. A self-developed questionnaire was tested and validated prior to conducting the main study. The findings of the pilot study were used to refine the questionnaire before being used for the main study. Reliability and validity were ensured. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 with the assistance of a statistician. The study revealed inadequate provision of midwifery care during antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods due to lack of resources and equipment. The shortage of midwives and the shorter experience in the clinical setting within the midwifery environment were overwhelming. The study concluded that the practices of registered midwives were inadequate due to some challenges they faced during the provision of midwifery care. Inadequate midwifery practices have serious implications for the health and well-being of mothers and newborns. These practices were influenced by various factors, such as inadequate material and human resources and lack and malfunctioning of available equipment. The study recommended that women have access to a variety of pain relief options during labor, including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. In addition, the study recommended implementation of the presence of doulas during labor and childbirth.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Women 2024)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Effects of Physical Activity on Quality of Life of Pregnant Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review
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Diana Bernardo, Diana Rebelo Sousa, Ivo Henriques Ferreira, Carolina Bobadilla Agouborde, Francisco Soto-Rodriguez and Paula Clara Santos
Women 2024, 4(2), 130-143; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4020010 - 24 Apr 2024
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There is evidence that the quality of life and mental health of pregnant women change during pregnancy. To evaluate the impact of physical activity on the quality of life and mental health of pregnant women with obesity or overweight, a systematic review was
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There is evidence that the quality of life and mental health of pregnant women change during pregnancy. To evaluate the impact of physical activity on the quality of life and mental health of pregnant women with obesity or overweight, a systematic review was performed using six electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane (CENTRAL), ScienceDirect, Scielo, BVS and PEDro). In total, 205 articles were collected, and after screening in accordance with the PRISMA declaration, six randomized clinical trials were selected. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool and a narrative synthesis of the results was performed. Physical activity interventions did not demonstrate statistically significant results on the quality of life and mental health of pregnant women with obesity or overweight. The effects of physical activity during pregnancy for women with obesity or overweight are varied due to the diversity of interventions implemented. Nonetheless, a discernible positive association emerges between stringent adherence to the prescribed physical activity regimen and enhanced physical well-being, weight management, and heightened aerobic capacity. In order to ascertain more definitive conclusions, rigorous clinical trials are needed that take into account the heterogeneity of interventions and ensure adequate adherence to the protocol.
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Open AccessReview
Endogenous Hormones and Cognitive Decline in Women: Unveiling the Complex Interplay
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Anna Targonskaya, Karolina Wieczorek and Katherine Maslowski
Women 2024, 4(2), 116-129; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4020009 - 8 Apr 2024
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This narrative review delves into the area of endogenous hormones and their impact on cognitive function, with a focus on women transitioning through perimenopause. While artificial intelligence technologies have revolutionized cognitive research, the inclusion of hormonal biomarkers remains sparse. The review synthesizes findings
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This narrative review delves into the area of endogenous hormones and their impact on cognitive function, with a focus on women transitioning through perimenopause. While artificial intelligence technologies have revolutionized cognitive research, the inclusion of hormonal biomarkers remains sparse. The review synthesizes findings from diverse studies exploring the relationships between estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, other sex hormones, and cognitive performance. The research question explores the potential for monitoring endogenous hormonal levels during perimenopause to predict cognitive decline and inform preventive strategies. An analysis of relevant studies reveals a complex relationship, with varying impacts on cognitive domains. Thus, high E2 levels correlate positively with verbal memory and retrieval efficiency, contrasting with lower levels associated with enhanced visual memory, and testosterone shows positive links to verbal fluency. The limitations of existing research, including heterogeneous methodologies and a dearth of premenopausal representation, emphasize the necessity for future studies. To achieve this objective, it is important to leverage data from studies implementing standardized methodologies for tracking endogenous hormonal levels while accounting for cycle phases and menopausal transition stages. Additionally, employing standardized assessments for cognitive decline and analyzing extensive datasets derived from real-world sources, such as hospital or outpatient clinic chains, and digital apps, is crucial.
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Open AccessArticle
The Benefits and Barriers of Providing Non-Pharmacological Pain Relief to Women in Labour during COVID-19: A Qualitative Study of Midwives in South Africa
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Limakatso Elizabeth Parkies, Daphne Murray and Uchenna Benedine Okafor
Women 2024, 4(1), 105-115; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4010008 - 19 Mar 2024
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Pregnancy is an exceptional event in a woman’s life. As a result of the intense pain associated with childbirth, women require encouragement and support during this crucial phase. Midwives play a crucial role in the maternal care paradigm, managing labour pain alongside ensuring
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Pregnancy is an exceptional event in a woman’s life. As a result of the intense pain associated with childbirth, women require encouragement and support during this crucial phase. Midwives play a crucial role in the maternal care paradigm, managing labour pain alongside ensuring the mother and baby’s safety during the labour process. This study explored midwives’ perspectives concerning the utilisation and barriers of non-pharmacological labour pain reduction methods during COVID-19 in Matjhabeng Municipality hospitals in South Africa’s Free State Province. Ten midwives participated in a semi-structured interview wherein the audio was recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using Tesch’s approach for open-coding data analysis. Midwives’ experiences with non-pharmacological therapeutic options for relieving labour pain were varied. They used mobilisation techniques, warm bathing, deep breathing exercises, back massaging, and psychological support. Midwives affirmed that non-pharmacological labour pain interventions were poorly implemented because of staff shortages, heavy workload, and COVID-19 regulations at the time. In efforts to address the obstacles in managing labour pain and alleviate the pain of women during labour, midwives recommended the provision of education and advocacy, the employment of additional midwives and auxiliary staff, and improvement in hospital infrastructure. Due to staff shortages, heavy workloads, and COVID-19 restrictions that limit birth companions, non-pharmacological pain reduction methods are not properly implemented. Health education; employing additional midwives, professional doulas, and students; and improving health infrastructure are midwives’ concerns. Prioritising midwife training in non-pharmacological labour pain management is crucial for delivering the best possible care during childbirth.
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Open AccessArticle
An Increase in Prominent Probiotics Represents the Major Change in the Gut Microbiota in Morbidly Obese Female Patients upon Bariatric Surgery
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Ann-Kathrin Kissmann, Frederike Paß, Hans-Maximilian Ruzicka, Isabel Dorst, Kai R. Stieger, Tanja Weil, Adrian Gihring, Leonard Elad, Uwe Knippschild and Frank Rosenau
Women 2024, 4(1), 86-104; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4010007 - 18 Mar 2024
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The global increase in obesity carries inherent health implications, with an increased BMI being a known risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or different cancer types. The long-term effectiveness of diet therapy in addressing morbid obesity is extremely
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The global increase in obesity carries inherent health implications, with an increased BMI being a known risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or different cancer types. The long-term effectiveness of diet therapy in addressing morbid obesity is extremely limited, with no adequate pharmaceutical agents available as treatment options, resulting in bariatric surgery being the only viable option to achieve and maintain significant long-term weight loss. Something that plays an important role in overall human health is the gut microbiome and its complex composition, which is usually altered and reduced in complexity/diversity in severely obese patients. In this study, the influence of bariatric surgery and the resulting weight loss on the gut microbiome composition of twelve morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40) adult female central European patients was investigated by comparing the relative abundances of the major microbial phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria pre- and post-surgery. We also aimed to give insight into the major changes in individual prominent and promising future probiotic bacteria characterized by an overall increase in abundance accompanied by a switch of enterotypes. Identifying specific microbial alterations associated with successful weight-loss outcomes may contribute to the development of future therapeutic interventions by supplementation with next-generation probiotics.
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Open AccessArticle
Exploring Perceptions of Cesarean Sections among Postpartum Women in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study
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Turnwait Otu Michael, Richard Dele Agbana and Kammila Naidoo
Women 2024, 4(1), 73-85; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4010006 - 15 Mar 2024
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Cesarean sections have become increasingly common globally, including in Nigeria. This qualitative study explores the perceptions and experiences of postpartum women who underwent cesarean sections within the distinct contexts of Ibadan in Oyo State, Nigeria. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted
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Cesarean sections have become increasingly common globally, including in Nigeria. This qualitative study explores the perceptions and experiences of postpartum women who underwent cesarean sections within the distinct contexts of Ibadan in Oyo State, Nigeria. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 24 postpartum women in selected health facilities in urban and rural areas. A diverse sample was purposively selected to capture a range of experiences based on age, residence, education, and cultural backgrounds. Thematic analysis was employed to identify patterns and themes within the data. The findings revealed diverse emotional responses among participants, ranging from relief and gratitude to disappointment and feelings of loss for not experiencing a vaginal birth. Societal pressures and cultural expectations played a significant role in influencing women’s perceptions and experiences of cesarean sections. Future childbirth preferences and support systems, including healthcare provider–patient relationships and community support, were identified as crucial factors impacting postoperative recovery. This study contributes to the understanding of women’s perceptions of cesarean sections within the local context of Ibadan, Nigeria. The findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive healthcare practices, clear communication, and support systems to enhance the birthing experiences of women undergoing cesarean sections.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Women 2024)
Open AccessReview
Support Mechanisms for Women during Menopause: Perspectives from Social and Professional Structures
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Alexandra Cristina Cowell, Adam Gilmour and Daniel Atkinson
Women 2024, 4(1), 53-72; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4010005 - 8 Mar 2024
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Approximately one billion women globally have undergone menopause, occurring at an age of around 51 years and typically between ages 45 and 54. As life expectancy increases, women are projected to spend at least one-third of their lives in postmenopause, emphasising the growing
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Approximately one billion women globally have undergone menopause, occurring at an age of around 51 years and typically between ages 45 and 54. As life expectancy increases, women are projected to spend at least one-third of their lives in postmenopause, emphasising the growing importance of menopause as a critical public health issue. In this context, this paper aims to offer updated insights into the increasing societal and political interest in menopause. It underscores the impact of support mechanisms encompassing familial, workplace, medical, technological, and government support on women’s attitudes and experiences around menopause. Furthermore, the study aims to identify key gaps in research, practice, or legislation concerning support systems for menopausal women and provide recommendations for enhancing familial, workplace, medical, technological, and government support.
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Open AccessReview
History of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination with a Focus on Italy
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Giovanni Gabutti and Matilde Ogliastro
Women 2024, 4(1), 42-52; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4010004 - 6 Feb 2024
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The Italian National Immunization Plan (NIP) states that public health today aims at immunizing adolescents of both sexes for maximum protection against all HPV-related vaccine-preventable diseases. Nowadays, the vaccination offer to primary cohorts is reaffirmed with continued free vaccination up to at least
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The Italian National Immunization Plan (NIP) states that public health today aims at immunizing adolescents of both sexes for maximum protection against all HPV-related vaccine-preventable diseases. Nowadays, the vaccination offer to primary cohorts is reaffirmed with continued free vaccination up to at least 26 years of age for females and up to at least 18 years of age for males. The Italian NIP 2023–2025 recommends HPV vaccination for at-risk categories, including individuals with HIV, men who have sex with men (MSM), women treated for intermediate- or high-grade lesions, and travelers. Catch-up vaccination is recommended for women at least up to 26 years of age, also using the appropriate occasion of the call for the first screening for the prevention of cervical cancer as an opportunity for vaccination, and for men at least up to and including 18 years of age if they have not been previously vaccinated or have not completed the vaccination cycle. In summary, the Italian vaccination offer has been extended to additional cohorts in order to reduce the burden of HPV-related diseases and to improve vaccination coverage of the Italian population.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Women 2024)
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Open AccessArticle
Navigating the Maze: Facilitators and Barriers to Substance Use Treatment for Pregnant and Parenting Women in Mississippi
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Katherine Klee, John P. Bartkowski, Caroline Newkirk, Jan Dawson and Jonathan Hubanks
Women 2024, 4(1), 22-41; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4010003 - 4 Feb 2024
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There are significant hurdles to placing pregnant and parenting women (PPW) with a substance use disorder into treatment programs. This study uses qualitative analysis of case notes collected by a linkage to care expert (patient navigator) from over 50 Mississippi PPW client cases.
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There are significant hurdles to placing pregnant and parenting women (PPW) with a substance use disorder into treatment programs. This study uses qualitative analysis of case notes collected by a linkage to care expert (patient navigator) from over 50 Mississippi PPW client cases. The analysis identified facilitators and barriers in the referral to treatment process. We group the observed patterns into three general categories: (1) individual factors such as motivation to change and management of emotions; (2) interpersonal relationships such as romantic partner support or obstruction; and (3) institutional contexts that include child welfare, judicial, and mental health systems. These factors intersect with one another in complex ways. This study adds to prior research on gender-based health disparities that are often magnified for pregnant and parenting women.
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Open AccessArticle
Safety and Effectiveness of Naproxen 220 mg + Paracetamol 300 mg + Pamabrom 25 mg Fixed Dose Combination in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome: A Post-Marketing, Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study
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Álvaro E. Peña-Jiménez, Omar Benitez-Aguilar, Jesús E. Villegas, Mario González-de la-Parra and Livan Delgado-Roche
Women 2024, 4(1), 13-21; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4010002 - 24 Jan 2024
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Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by pain and related symptoms that negatively affect women’s quality of life. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a specific oral fixed dose combination of naproxen 220 mg + paracetamol 300 mg + pamabrom 25
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Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by pain and related symptoms that negatively affect women’s quality of life. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a specific oral fixed dose combination of naproxen 220 mg + paracetamol 300 mg + pamabrom 25 mg in tablet form. A prospective, open-label, multicenter, uncontrolled, observational post-marketing study was conducted from December 2017 to December 2019 consisting of 270 women over 18. The primary outcome was the number and severity of adverse effects. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity, number and intensity of other premenstrual symptoms, and the proportion of patients with a pain score reduction of at least 50%. The mean age of participants was 28.9 ± 8.8 years. We found that 8 women (3%) experienced adverse events, namely headache (5/8), gastritis (2/8) dyspepsia (1/8), diarrhea (1/8), and nausea (1/8). In three of the eight women, the study was discontinued due to adverse effects. Pain intensity was reduced (−4.5, 95%CI; −5, −4, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with pain reduction of at least 50% was 70.7%. The study results suggest that the combination of drugs used in this formulation is safe and effective for premenstrual symptoms.
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Open AccessArticle
Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation among Pregnant Women in Gran Canaria
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María del Amor Santana-González, María Granada Vázquez-Núñez, Mar Miranda-Sánchez, Héctor González-de la Torre, Jesús María González-Martín, Julia Jeppesen-Gutiérrez and Iraya Monagas-Agrelo
Women 2024, 4(1), 1-12; https://doi.org/10.3390/women4010001 - 28 Dec 2023
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Suicidal ideation represents a significant predictor of completed suicide. Recent research indicates that it is the leading cause of maternal mortality during pregnancy in industrialized countries, as well as in the 12 months following childbirth, with prevalence rates among pregnant women ranging from
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Suicidal ideation represents a significant predictor of completed suicide. Recent research indicates that it is the leading cause of maternal mortality during pregnancy in industrialized countries, as well as in the 12 months following childbirth, with prevalence rates among pregnant women ranging from 3% to 33%. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among pregnant women in Gran Canaria. A cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study was conducted at the University Hospital Complex Insular Materno-Infantil of Gran Canaria (CHUIMI). Consecutive non-probabilistic sampling was employed among pregnant women in their 20th to 22nd week of pregnancy. Participants completed the PHQ-9 questionnaire, the Paykel Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire to assess associated risk factors. A total of 9.57% of pregnant women reported experiencing some level of suicidal ideation. Factors that increased the risk of suicidal ideation included employment status (p-value = 0.031), prior abortions/miscarriages (p-value < 0.001), educational level (p-value = 0.005), and having living children (p-value = 0.018). This study suggests that the prevalence of suicidal ideation among pregnant women in Gran Canaria may be higher than previously reported in the literature. Therefore, early identification of suicidal ideation is crucial for timely intervention.
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Open AccessReview
Understanding the Intersections of IPV and HIV and Their Impact on Infant Feeding Practices among Black Women: A Narrative Literature Review
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Manal Fseifes and Josephine Etowa
Women 2023, 3(4), 508-523; https://doi.org/10.3390/women3040039 - 6 Nov 2023
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Intimate partner violence (IPV), particularly sexual and emotional violence, against Black mothers who acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during childbearing age is a significant health and social concern requiring targeted interventions and precautions. IPV against women increases the chances of early mixed feeding,
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Intimate partner violence (IPV), particularly sexual and emotional violence, against Black mothers who acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during childbearing age is a significant health and social concern requiring targeted interventions and precautions. IPV against women increases the chances of early mixed feeding, placing infants at high risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and increasing infant morbidities. Although violence complicates many Black mothers’ lives, limited research evidence exists about the critical intersections of violence, HIV, and motherhood. Women’s fear associated with IPV makes them less likely to disclose their positive HIV status to their partners, which subsequently prevents them from applying the guidelines for safe infant feeding practices. This review aims to explore the critical intersections between IPV and HIV and their impact on the infant feeding practices of Black mothers living with HIV. Furthermore, the theme of IPV and how it overlaps with other factors such as HIV-positive status and gender dynamics to compromise the motherhood experience is also the focus of this narrative review of existing literature. Understanding the intersection of IPV and other factors influencing infant feeding practices among women living with HIV will help inform programming and policy interventions for HIV-positive Black women who may experience IPV during the perinatal period.
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Open AccessArticle
Menstruation-Related School Absenteeism: An Urban Centre Study in the Northern Region of Ghana
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Mubarick Nungbaso Asumah, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Edem Kojo Dzantor, Mirza Adil Beig, Gifty Mary Wuffele, Doreen-Remember Donkor, Abdul-Malik Abdulai, Wisdom Klutse Azanu, Ali Davod Parsa, Russell Kabir and Abdulai Abubakari
Women 2023, 3(4), 497-507; https://doi.org/10.3390/women3040038 - 1 Nov 2023
Abstract
Menstruation-related school absenteeism significantly affects girls’ academic progress and general wellbeing. This study aimed to assess menstruation-related school absenteeism in an urban population in the Northern Region of Ghana. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of school absenteeism among
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Menstruation-related school absenteeism significantly affects girls’ academic progress and general wellbeing. This study aimed to assess menstruation-related school absenteeism in an urban population in the Northern Region of Ghana. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of school absenteeism among girls using a structured questionnaire, which was pretested. The data were analyzed using Stata 16. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including cross-tabulation, the chi-square test, and binary logistic regression, were performed. The majority (59%) was between the ages of 15 and 19 years. Approximately one fifth of all respondents missed school during menstruation. Reasons assigned to missing school were menstrual pains (57%), stained clothes (43%), heavy bleeding (40%), and self-stigmatization (2%). The majority (95%) of respondents used some form of materials to absorb menstrual blood. About 88% of respondents used sanitary pads, 11% used cloth, and 1% used tissues to absorb their menstrual blood. The multivariable analysis showed that school girls < 15 years old (AOR: 3.69, 95% CI: 2.02–6.73), first year of Junior High School (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 2.14–10.22), and public school (AOR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.83–6.94) were associated with increased odds of menstruation-related school absenteeism. Menstruation-related school absenteeism is considered high and could affect girls’ educational attainment. School absenteeism due to menstruation, particularly in public schools, warrants attention by the Ghana Education Service.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Gaps and Misperceptions in Reproduction and Their Impact on Women’s Health)
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Open AccessArticle
Weight Concern and Body Image Dissatisfaction among Hispanic and African American Women
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Norma Olvera, Molly Matthews-Ewald, Rongfang Zhang, Rhonda Scherer, Weihua Fan and Consuelo Arbona
Women 2023, 3(4), 486-496; https://doi.org/10.3390/women3040037 - 16 Oct 2023
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Weight concern and body image dissatisfaction continue to be understudied among African American and Hispanic women. To address the gap in the extant literature, this study examined a sample of Hispanic and African American women (N = 477, Meanage = 43.7 years)
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Weight concern and body image dissatisfaction continue to be understudied among African American and Hispanic women. To address the gap in the extant literature, this study examined a sample of Hispanic and African American women (N = 477, Meanage = 43.7 years) and explored (a) differences in weight concern and body image dissatisfaction; (b) the contribution of perceived weight status and body image dissatisfaction to weight concern; and (c) the extent to which the association between body image dissatisfaction and weight concern was moderated by ethnicity. Participants completed a health survey and a figure rating scale. The findings indicated that Hispanic women compared to African American women endorsed smaller silhouettes as an ideal body size (χ2(7, n = 436) = 22.36, p = 0.002, Cramer’s V = 0.23). More Hispanic women (77%) than African American women (62%) had a discrepancy between their perceived actual and ideal body size. The relationship between body image dissatisfaction and weight concern varied by ethnicity. That is, the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and weight concern was statistically significant among African American women (β = 0.21, p = 0.008) but was insignificant among Hispanic women (β = 0.11, p = 0.135). This study has implications regarding the identification of risk factors associated with weight concern.
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Open AccessReview
Gonadotropin and Ovarian Hormone Monitoring: Lateral Flow Assays for Clinical Decision Making
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Anna Targonskaya and Katherine Maslowski
Women 2023, 3(4), 471-485; https://doi.org/10.3390/women3040036 - 11 Oct 2023
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FSH, estrogen and progesterone testing are widely utilized in clinical practice. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are cost-effective tools used for diagnosing infectious diseases, pregnancy, and substance testing. The focus of this narrative review is the potential for the wider utilization of listed hormone
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FSH, estrogen and progesterone testing are widely utilized in clinical practice. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are cost-effective tools used for diagnosing infectious diseases, pregnancy, and substance testing. The focus of this narrative review is the potential for the wider utilization of listed hormone LFAs. A search was conducted with PubMed, Google Scholar and Wiley online libraries using keywords without any limitation on the publication date; animal studies were excluded. Clinical guidelines for the related conditions were included. According to published data, E3G and PdG are used to determine ovulatory cycles and can be utilized for research purposes to establish the normal range of menstrual cycles, as there is currently disagreement among guidelines. FSH measurement in blood samples is utilized to predict oocyte yield in assisted cycles and to differentiate women with premature ovarian insufficiency from hypothalamic amenorrhea, and can be replaced with more convenient urine testing. PdG was tested to assess the risk of pregnancy complications, specifically miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy, and might become a screening tool for miscarriage in the future. PMS, PMDD and ovarian carcinogenesis could be extensively studied using LFAs to gain a better understanding of the biology behind these conditions. Before implementing these LFAs into clinical practice, the reproducibility of progesterone assays should be evaluated. The results are critical for treatment decisions, and universally recognized standards for estradiol measurement should be developed.
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Open AccessArticle
Dancing toward Well-Being: Effects on Mood and Well-Being of a 12-Week Flamenco Dance Workshop in Women Aged 60–80 Years
by
José M. León-Rubio, Carmen Rivera-Rodríguez, Jose M. León-Pérez, Carlos Sepúlveda and Francisco J. Cantero-Sánchez
Women 2023, 3(4), 457-470; https://doi.org/10.3390/women3040035 - 22 Sep 2023
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a flamenco dance program on the mood and subjective well-being of 34 self-selected women from the community, aged between 62 and 79 years. The mean age was 70.11 (SD = 5.13). Participants
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The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a flamenco dance program on the mood and subjective well-being of 34 self-selected women from the community, aged between 62 and 79 years. The mean age was 70.11 (SD = 5.13). Participants voluntarily enrolled in a 12-week flamenco dance workshop conducted by the Autoestima Flamenca Association, with one two-hour session per week. Every two weeks, mood measurements (sadness, anxiety, anger and joy) were taken, and subjective well-being assessments were conducted before and after each session. It was found that the participants’ overall mood and subjective well-being improved significantly following the intervention. These improvements were observed at both the individual and group levels. Overall, our findings suggest that participation in a free 12-week flamenco dance program had a positive impact on mood and subjective well-being in this segment of the population.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Women's Health and Aging)
Open AccessArticle
Recreational Female Athletes’ Understanding of and Perceived Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Physical Performance, Mood, and Sleeping Behaviour
by
Eleni Anna Michelekaki, Marcos Michaelides, Karuppasamy Govindasamy and Koulla Parpa
Women 2023, 3(3), 445-456; https://doi.org/10.3390/women3030034 - 15 Sep 2023
Abstract
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This study aimed to examine female recreational (FRC) athletes’ knowledge of the menstrual cycle and their perception of how each phase affects their performance, mood, and sleep. One hundred and sixty-four (n = 164) FRC athletes completed an online survey. The questionnaire
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This study aimed to examine female recreational (FRC) athletes’ knowledge of the menstrual cycle and their perception of how each phase affects their performance, mood, and sleep. One hundred and sixty-four (n = 164) FRC athletes completed an online survey. The questionnaire employed was based on previously validated questionnaires and consisted of three different sections: (a) knowledge about the menstrual cycle, (b) menstrual cycle symptoms, and (c) menstrual cycle and performance. The results indicated that 70.1% of the surveyed FRC athletes were not knowledgeable regarding the phases of the menstrual cycle, with 55.5% being ignorant of the specific hormones released during the cycle. Furthermore, 37.8% perceived that their performance was sometimes affected during the early follicular phase, with the main symptoms being physical fatigue (17.9%) and a more irritable mood (25.9%). In addition, 19.5% of the FRC athletes reported sleeping disturbances, and 20.4% described changes in sleep quality during menstruation. Lastly, 11.9% of the FRC athletes reported suffering from a combination of mood swings, sleeping problems, bloating or stomach issues, breast tenderness, headaches, and fatigue prior to menstruation. The results of this study provide valuable insights into how FRC athletes experience the menstrual cycle, which can help RC athletes and trainers better understand their needs and support them in achieving optimal performance.
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